Auricular defects may produce functional and psychological impairments that adversely affect a patient quality of life. although surgical reconstruction is the treatment of choice, the auricular prosthesis should be considered when surgical reconstruction is not possible. This case report described 7 volunteer patients treated with implant retained auricular prostheses using magnetic attachments at the Maxillofacial Prosthetic Rehabilitation Clinic, Dental Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, since November 2001 to October 2002. Among 7 Patients, there are 3 patients with congenital defect and 4 patients with traffic accident defect. All of the patients were interviewed for personal information and attitude before and after treatment. Two Ankylos extraoral implants were placed in to temporal and mastoid bone for retaining each auricular prosthesis. After placing attaching of implant abutment, patients were instructed and motivated to clean peri-implant soft tissue and implant abutment gently and carefully. Patients were evaluated for cleansing efficiency and following up until hygienic performing was acceptable. After handing the prosthesis, patients were reinstructed for prosthesis and implant maintenance. The result from the post operative questionnaire showed that all patients appreciated the treatment procedure and were satisfied with the results. All implants survived without mobility or tissue reaction that need surgical correction. Patients could take care of implant abutments, surrounding tissue and prosthesis satisfactority.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of reinforcement with resin composite in endodontically treated teeth with flared root canal by comparing fracture resistance and fracture mode of restoration. 3 groups (n=10, each) of post and core restoration made from base metal alloy on extracted human maxillary central incisors were performed, normal root canal restored with cast post and core (group 1), flared root canal restored with cast post and core (group 2), resin composite reinforced at flared root canal before restored with cast post and core (group 3). Posts were cemented in root canal using resin cement. The fracture resistance when loaded on lingual surface of core in group 1, group 2 and group 3 were 1,126.9±75.5 N, 489.4±48.7 N, and 639.9±48.3 N, respectively. One way ANOVA and Scheffe statistical analysis were performed (α=0.01). The analysis showed that reinforcement with resin composite in flared root canal could significantly increase the fracture resistance when restored with cast post and core and resulted in shallower depth of root fracture. However, the fracture resistance of this group is significantly lower than group with normal root canal.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of elastic of elastic recovery duration and the number in repeatedly pouring stone models on the three dimensional stability of light and regular body polysulfide impression materials (Permlastic®, Kerr Corporation, MI, USA). Light and regular body impressions of a rectangular master stainless steel die (10x10x15 mm³) was made with special tray. The stone die were made with type IV dental stone (Velmix®, Kerr Corporation, MI, USA) immediately or at 30 and 60 minutes after complete polymerization (n=10/each). Pouring procedure of each die was indicated to follow the durational classification of each main group as well. The specimens were prepared repeatedly until the first, second and third stone die comprised 10 pieces of each, totally 90 pieces. Triplicated die was made from each impression and each pouring time was 30 and 60 minutes apart. After the complete setting, the dimension of stone dies were measured and then calculated for the volume in cubic millimeter. Data were statistically analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test at α=0.05. The result showed that, volumetrically, all stone die were significantly bigger than the master stainless steel die (1526.02 mm³) at p≤0.05. Considering the effect of elastic recovery duration in the light body polysulfide impression material group, the immediate pouring stone die (1543.64±6.88 mm³) was volumtrically smaller than the 30 minute-delayed (1547.41±7.21 mm³) and 60 minute-delayed die (1547.23±7.24 mm³) significantly at p≤0.05, while the sizes of two latter groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). The result showed no significant difference of the sizes of the stone dies that were poured immediately (1585.36±14.14 mm³) and 30 min. (1591±14.69 mm³). However, the stone dies that were poured at 60 min. (1602.46±14.25 mm³) were significant greater than those at immediately and 30 min. (p≤0.05). The study of the effect of repeated use of the light and regular body impressions showed similar results. Considering the effect of the number in repeated pouring stone models, the results between the light and regular body polysulfide impression material group, that is, the first stone die (1539.70±5.31 mm³ and 1581.86±12.77 mm³) was significantly smaller than the second (1546.14±5.09 mm³ and 1594.36±14.05 mm³) and the third stone die (1552.45±4.81 mm³ and 1603.59±12.86 mm³) consecutively (p≤0.05). this study suggested that the three dimensional stability of polysulfide impression material would be less satisfactory for the longer providing elastic recovery time and/or the increasing of number in repeated pouring with dental stone. Generally, fabricating dental stone die with polysulfide impression material should be done immediately once it completely set to achieve the best accuracy of the stone dies.

The purpose of this study were to compare the generated forces and the unloaded forces generated by various types of orthodontic leveling archwires, as well as cross-section areas (CA), at each level of tooth irregularity (TI) (0.25-2.0 mm.); and to comparatively rank them by focussing on 7 types of leveling archwires, namely, Respond, Tripleflex, D-rect, Ni-Ti, each archwire was performed in the lower arch epoxy resin dentoform by using LLOYD universal testing machine LR 10 K. The forces were analytically compared by an Independent-Sample T-test and a One-way ANOVA at p=0.05. In the study of the forces generated by the leveling archwires at 2.0 mm. TI, there was significant difference (p<0.005) among various types of wires and those of different cross-sectional areas. However there was none for the followings: D-rect .017x.025 and .018x.025 inch² (p=1.0), Ni-Ti .014 inch and Triple flex .015 inch (p=1.0), Ni-Ti .017 x.025 and .018x.025 inch² (p=0.717), Turbo .017x.025 inch² Tripleflex .0175 inch (p=0.539), F-9 .016x.022 inch² and D-rect .016x.022 inch² (p=1.0). As for the study of the forces and deactivated forces generated by the same types of archwires with the same CA no significant difference was found as follows at Ti 1.0 mm. Respond .0155 inch from 2.0 and 1.5 mm. (p=0.074): Ni-Ti .017x.022 with and .018x.025 inch² from Ti 2.0 and 1.5 mm. (p=0.074): Ni-Ti .016x0.22 and .018x.025 inch² from TI 2.0 and 1.5 mm. (0.017, 0.183 respectively) and also at TI=0.25 and 0.5 mm. Ni-Ti of different CA (including Turbo) at different TI. However, the study showed that the deactivation from TI=1.5 mm. To TI=0.25 mm. can not be done by TMA .016x.22 and .017x.025 inch². Moreover, the deactivation from TI=2 mm. to TI=0.25 mm. can not be done by various types of archwires and CA; except every type of Ni-Ti and Turbo. Tables and figure of forces and deactivation forces of archwires from this study will be beneficial for orthodontists in wire selection as well as during progression.

The objective of this study to find the relationship between the position and the inclination of the maxillary incisors and other cephalometric measurements in a group of samples including 35 Thai patients who have class II division 2 malocclusion. The average age was 19 years. All of the samples finished the pubertal growth spurt. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of each sample was traced and measured. Means of the cephalometric measurements were used to analyze the correlation coefficient between the position and the inclination of the maxillary incisors and other cephalometric measurements. The findings were 1. Most of the correlation coefficients between the measurements of the maxillary incisors (position and inclination) and the relationship of maxilla and mandible were mild to moderate and were statistically significant, 2. Almost all of the correlation coefficients between the measurements of the maxillary incisors and the position and the size of maxilla, mandible and cranial base were mild to very mild and were not statistically significant, 3. Most of the correlation coefficients between the measurements of the maxillary incisors and the measurements of the mandibular incisors (position and inclination) were mild to marked and were statistically significant. The results of this study could be applied to the treatment planning of this kind of malocclusion.

Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor of the jaw. Of the total of 11,599 oral and maxillofacial biopsies from the files of the Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University during 1982-2002, 486 cases (4.19%) were diagnosed as ameloblastoma. Data with respect to the patients age, gender, tumor location, radiographic finding as well as histologic finding were collected and analyzed. The results showed that ameloblastomas were found in patients from 4-83 years of age (mean 34.37 years). Two hundred and forty six cases (50.6%) were females, while 239 cases (49.2%) were males. Majority of the cases were located in the mandibular premolar-molar region (29.0%). The predominant presenting symtom was swelling (94.0%). Majority of the cases (64.7%) showed multilocular radiolucency. The most common histologic pattern was plexiform (25%) followed by follicular pattern (23.5%). In conclusion, our data were comparable to those of previously reported cases of ameloblastoma with only minor differences.

Oncocytoma is a rare benign tumor of salivary gland. Two cases of oncocytoma are reported, one of which was presented as a slow growing mass of left submandibular area. The second case the lump located anterior to the right ear and extended to the angle of the mandible. Both cases were treated by surgical excision. Microscopically, the tumor mass consisted of large polyhedral cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. The histochemical stain phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin was useful to confirm the diagnosis of oncocytoma, highlighting the intracytoplasmic mitochondria. The patients were free of recurrence after 9 and 1.5 years, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to compare two regimens used for anxiety and paincontrol in anxious patients undergoing third molar surgery. A randomized double blind clinical trial was performed in 2 groups with 15 patients in each group. Patients were randomly allocated to either the midazolam-opioid (fentanyl 1 mcg/kg intravenously) group or the midazolam-NSAIDs (naproxen sodium 550 mg. orally) group. The maximum dose of midazolam was limited to 0.1 mg/kg. Assessment compared sedation level, operation condition, recovery time, vital signs, oxygen saturation, amnesia, postoperative swelling, complication, and postoperative pain. The results showed that sedation level and operation in the midazolam-naproxen group were at optimal level and post-operative pain control was statistically significant better than the midazolam-fentanyl group (p<0.05). There were no statistical differences in amnesic effect, postoperative and swelling (p<0.05). The changes in vital signs and oxygen saturation did not affect the patients clinically. Minor intra-operative and postoperative complications were found in both groups. In conclusion, midazolam combined with NSAIDs appeared to be an alternative model, which is safe and effective for controlling pain and anxiety in anxious patients undergoing moderately difficult third molar surgery.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Blood pressure and heart rate fluctuations in normotensive patients during 5 inerval: 1) 5 minutes before procedure; 2) during injection of local anesthesia; 3) 5 minutes after injection; 4) during extraction and 5) 5 minutes after extraction. Blood pressure measurements were recorded at maximum baseline of 140/90 mmHg. Analysis using ANOVA for repeated measurement and SNK Comparisons were used in this study. there was no different in age between sex, therefore the results were reported as the total of 55 study subjects. The highest fluctuations of heart rate and blood pressure were noted during the period of extraction. They were also risen during administration of local anesthesia. Both blood pressure and heart rate were declined to near baseline at the time of 5 minutes after procedure. The significance of this findings is that there are maximal fluctuation during extraction, the highest stress response even in nomotensive patients which may present clinical risk during the dental stress associated with certain procedures.

Information on fluoride content in food, water, beverages and consumed products is important to dentists in order to efficiently prescribe fluoride supplementation to patients. The purpose of this study is to report the current data on fluoride content in various locally consumed products including fruits (13 kinds), vegetables (9 kinds), seasoning sauces (6 brands), milk (3 brands), bottled water (9 brands), coconut milk (2 brands) and a variety of beverages (21 brands). Total or ionized fluoride concentration was determined using a fluoride electrode. It was found that most fruits tested had fluoride concentrations less than 0.02 ppm while vegetables had higher fluoride concentrations ranging from 0.022 to 1.066 ppm. Most of the tested products had low fluoride contents (<0.3 ppm) except tea drinks, one brand of orange juice and two brands of bottled water.

The objective of this study was to determine the association between the quantities of five periodontal pathogens and the levels of probing depth, indicative of the level of periodontal destruction. Subgingival plague samples were collected using paper points from both shallow (≤ 4 mm) and deep (≥ 6 mm) pockets of six aggressive periodontitis (AP) and six chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. Microbial DNA was isolated according to a standard protocal, and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primer pairs for individual microorganisms. Densitometry was conducted to analyze the intensities of PCR products, as a representative of the quantities of pathogens, from both shallow and deep pockets. The results showed that all microbial DNA tested, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), Prevotella intermedia (P.i.), Bacteroides forsythus (B.f.), Treponema denticola (T.d.), could be identified by PCR technique. The median intensities of P.g.,B.f., and T.d. were significantly associated with the deep pocket in both AP (p=0.001, 0.001 and 0.001 respectively) and CP (p=0.001, 0.007 and 0.017 respectively). patients, while those of P.i. and A.a were significantly associated with the deep pocket only in AP patients (p=0.001 and 0.017 respectively). The median intensities of P.i. and A.a. were not significantly associated with the deep pocket in CP patients (p=0.114 and 0.887 respectively). Our data suggest that the quantities of P.g., B.f., and T.d. are associated with periodontal destruction in both AP and CP and may be used as a prognostic marker for the severity and progression of periodontal disease.

MMP-9 (gelatinase-B) is a member of enzyme matrix metalloproteinage group (MMPs) that has been associated with the bone destructive diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of concanavalin-A and simvastatin on the expression of MMP-9 in U2-OS osteoblast cell line. Cells were treated with the increasing concentrations of concanavalin A with or without simvastatin for 24 and 48 hours. After that the conditioned media were collected. The MMP-9 expression was measured by using the gelatin zymography and western blot analysis. The results revealed that concanavalin-A, at 4, 6, 8 and 10 µg/ml, significantly increased the total expression of MMP-9 (p<0.01) at 24 hours. Conversely, simvastatin, at 10 mM, significantly reduce the cnocanavalin-A-enhanced total MMP-9 expression in U2-OS cells (p<0.05) at 48 hours. This data suggests that concanavalin-A, at 4, 6, 8 and 10 µg/ml stimulated the total expression of MMP-9, while simvastatin, at 10 mM, decreased the concanavalin-A-enhanced total MMP-9 expression in U2-OS cells.

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