JOURNAL OF THE DENTAL ASSOCIATION OF THAILAND

  • Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand 2021
  • Issue 4 volume 71
  • Issue 3 volume 71
  • Issue 2 volume 71
  • Issue 1 volume 71
  • Supplement Issue volume 71
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1
Page : 231-236

Title : Clear Aligner: Effectiveness, Limitations and Considerations

Author(s) : Pimsiri Kanpittaya, Chidsanu Changsiripun, Tanan Jaruprakorn, Ruangrat Komolpis, Somsak Chengprapakorn, Vudhibhong Laoamata, Preeya Suwanwitid

Keyword(s) : Clear aligner,Effectiveness,Fixed appliance,Orthodontic treatment

Manuscript Type : Review Article (บทความปริทัศน์)

Page : 231-236

Clear aligner has been an alternative appliance in orthodontic treatment to conventional fixed appliances in adult and teen patients. There are advantages in terms of hygiene, comfort and esthetics, however, clinician expertise and patient compliance are critical for satisfactory treatment results. Lower incisor intrusion, mandibular arch expansion and upper molar distalization are the predictable movements with clear aligner while extrusion and rotation are the movements that require auxiliaries and additional technique to reach the designated position. To achieve
the best treatment results, clinicians must consider movement limitations, considerations and recommendations for clear aligner therapy.

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2
Page : 237-346

Title : Effects of Head and Neck Radiotherapy on the Oral Cavity and Direct Restorative Materials

Author(s) : Apinya Limvisitsakul, Anussara Prayongrat, Pisol Senawongse

Keyword(s) : Head and neck cancer,Management,Radiotherapy,Restoration

Manuscript Type : Review Article (บทความปริทัศน์)

Page : 237-346

Many intraoral complications that result from high-energy electromagnetic waves of radiation can occur in patients undergoing head and neck cancer therapy. Information about the impact of radiation therapy on the oral cavity and restorative materials is important and enables patient assessments, evaluations, and management as well as treatment planning. Therefore, this article aims to highlight the current understanding and management of dental needs in patients after radiation therapy. This report discusses radiation-induced mucositis, salivary gland hypofunction, alveolar bone changes, trismus, dentition breakdown, and radiation caries. Moreover, the impact of radiotherapy on the properties and clinical efficacy of restorative materials are included in this report.

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3
Page : 247-257

Title : Control of Airborne Infection in Dental Clinics

Author(s) : Ruchanee Ampornaramveth

Keyword(s) : Airborne Droplets,Dental clinic,Infection control,Respiratory diseases

Manuscript Type : Review Article (บทความปริทัศน์)

Page : 247-257

SAR-CoV2 pandemic alarmingly introduce concerns of airborne infection control in dental clinic. Dentistry has been categorized as the highest risk group among other health care personals to expose to airborne diseases. Dental treatment has to be done in proximity contact, performing operation in the oral cavity of the patient together with aerosol generating devices. Standard precautions those had been routinely implement as infection control protocol alone were not sufficient for preventing the spread of diseases via droplets and airborne in dental clinics. Droplet and airborne precautions must be additionally implemented. This review will summarize droplets and airborne precautions and strategies to control diseases those transmit via droplets or airborne in dental clinic in order to raise concerns and provide the highest safety for dental staffs and the patients.

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4
Page : 258-264

Title : Primary Lip and Nose Repair Technique after Using 2 Sides of Korat NAM in Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate Patient: A 5 Years Follow Up Case Report

Author(s) : Pinai Nirunrungreng, Pongjai Virarat, Wipapun Ritthagol, Kaviya Kanokpongsak

Keyword(s) : 2 sides Korat Nam,Primary repair cleft lip and nose,Unilateral cleft lip and palate

Manuscript Type : Case Report

Page : 258-264

In new born cleft lip and palate treatment, it is now gained wide acceptance and evidence the good result both at lip and nose appearance by using a non-surgical nasoalveolar molding technique in presurgical phase treatment. This technique is comprised in two parts appliances, obturator for maxillary alveolar bone segment aligning combined with nasal molding part. By this appliance, the cleft space is significantly reduced and alar cartilage is more uprighted. With a smaller cleft, there is less tension when the surgeon closes the cleft space. The treatment result is better than in case without using this appliance. Moreover, surgical technique and maintain the treatment result after surgery are also an importance role of considerations. The objective of these case report is to demonstrate how to treat unilateral cleft lip and palate patient by modified using 2 sides of Korat Nam combined with a modify surgical technique use at Nakhonratchasima Hospital Cleft Center.

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5
Page : 265-272

Title : Efficiency of Different Functional Monomers in Self-adhesive Resin Cements on Base Metal Alloy Bond Strengths

Author(s) : Awiruth Klaisiri1, Tool Sriamporn, Niyom Thamrongananskul, Nantawan Krajangta

Keyword(s) : Bond strength,Self-adhesive resin cement,Functional monomer,Base metal alloy

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 265-272

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of different functional monomers in three self-adhesive resin cements on bond strength to base metal alloy. Three self-adhesive resin cements [Maxcem elite (MC), Panavia SA luting plus (SA), G-Cem (GC)] and one primer [Clearfil ceramic primer plus (P)] were used in this study. Sixty base metal alloy discs (10 mm diameter, 4 mm thick) were prepared and embedded in dental gypsum. All specimens were sandblasted with 50 μm of alumina for 10 seconds under 3 bar pressure and 10 mm distance. The samples
were randomly divided into six groups (N=10 each) according to different resin cements and either with or without primer application: Group1 (MC), Group2 (SA), Group3 (GC), Group4 (P+MC), Group5 (P+SA) and Group6 (P+GC). A silicone template (2 mm diameter, 4 mm high) was placed on the top of base metal alloy surface. The resin cement was filled into the mold and then light-cured for 40 seconds. All bonded specimens were kept in distilled water at 37oC for 24 hours and subjected to shear bond strength measurement using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). The
shear bond strengths of Group 1 to Group 6 were 8.15±1.26, 14.74±2.51, 15.08±1.47, 20.83±1.63, 21.57±1.93 and 20.69±2.41 MPa, respectively. The bond strengths of Group 4-6 were significantly higher than those of Group 1-3 (p<0.05). However, Group 1 showed the lowest bond strength (p<0.05) and significantly different from Group 2 and 3. In conclusion, MDP/4MET-containing self-adhesive resin cement showed increased bonding values in base metal alloy interface. The shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement was also positively affected by prior application of primer.

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6
Page : 273-282

Title : Pain induced by orthodontic force upregulates Transient Receptor Potential subtype 1 and Substance P expressions

Author(s) : Peungchaleoy Thammanichanon, Aunwaya Kaewpitak, Chidchanok Leethanakul

Keyword(s) : Nociceptors,Tooth movement,Trigeminal neuron

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 273-282

To evaluate the characteristics of TRPV1 receptor in trigeminal ganglion neurons and the interaction of TRPV1 with SP after orthodontic force application. Twenty five 8-week-old Wistar rats were applied continuous orthodontic force (50 g) on both maxillary first molars at 12 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days. Control group received any no intervention. Rat grimace scale scores (RGS scores) was used to measure orthodontic pain. The relationship of TRPV1 with SP was evaluated using double immunofluorescence staining. Application of orthodontic force increased the
274 J DENT ASSOC THAI VOL.71 NO.4 October - December 2021 RGS score at 24 hours and 3 days, compared to control group. Cell size measurements showed that TRPV1 expressing trigeminal neurons is derived from of small and medium diameter. Moreover, the percentages of TRPV1- and SPpositive cells relative to the total number of cells and the percentages of trigeminal neurons co-expressing TRPV1/SP significantly increased at 24 hours and 3 days. Correlation coefficients indicated RGS scores correlated positively with the levels of TRPV1. TRPV1 was also correlated positively with the levels of SP. Orthodontic force activates orthodontic pain via stimulation of expressed TRPV1, which induce SP releasing. TRPV1 serves as one of important therapeutic target to decrease orthodontic pain.

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7
Page : 283-291

Title : Osteoconductivity Evaluation of 3-Dimensional Dual-leached Polycaprolactone Scaffold

Author(s) : Pratchayaporn Aksorn, Daneeya Chaikiawkeaw, Panunn Sastravaha, Pitt Supaphol, Prasit Pavasant

Keyword(s) : Bone tissue engineering,Calvarial defect,Dual-leaching scaffold,Polycaprolactone,Solvent casting/Particulate leaching method,Three-dimensional porous scaffold

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 283-291

Recently, the dual-leached polycaprolactone (DL-PCL) scaffold for bone tissue engineering had been fabricated using sodium salt and polyethylene glycol as porogens. This novel scaffold showed good porous interconnectivity and did not have any cytotoxicity as judged by SEM analysis and MTT assay. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility and osteogenic conductive potential of this DL-PCL scaffold on the bone formation in vivo. Periodontal ligament stem cells were seeded on the DL-PCL scaffold for 16 hours and the morphology
of cells on the scaffold was assessed by SEM analysis. The expression of osteogenic related genes was also determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The ability of the DL-PCL scaffold to support new bone formation was examined in a rat calvarial defect model. The total IgG from blood serum was measured after scaffold implantation at two, four and eight weeks. The amount and quality of new bone formation were monitored by micro-computed tomography and histological analysis, respectively. The results showed that periodontal ligament stem cells attached and spread on the DL-PCL scaffold and expressed the markers of osteogenic differentiation including ALP, RUNX2 and OSX. There were no significant changes in the level of serum IgG after the scaffolds were implanted. Micro-computed tomography and histological analysis in a rat calvarial model showed a significantly greater amount of new bone formation. These results indicated the ability of DL-PCL for the use of bone tissue engineering.

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8
Page : 292-300

Title : Prevalence of Maxillary Sinus Septum and Investigation of Morphology in Thai Population by Cone-beam Computed Tomography; Comparative Study between Dentate Partial Edentate and Edentate

Author(s) : Chananchida Cheangcharoon, Thanakrit Naiyawat, Prathomporn Chuchawengwong, Wareeratn, Chengprapakorn, Pisha Pittayapat

Keyword(s) : Cone-beam computed tomography,Dental implant,Maxillary sinus,Septum

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 292-300

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the maxillary sinus septa and morphology in the Thai population by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) between dentate, partially edentate and edentate patients. CBCT scans from 300 Thai patients: 209 females and 91 males with a mean age of 49.22 years old, were retrospectively collected from the hospital database of the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. All CBCT images were viewed and evaluated on Infinitt® software. The evaluation of maxillary sinus septa (type, maxillary sinus wall, location, completion) was performed by two observers. Sixty CBCT scans were randomly selected for re-evaluation after four weeks. Patients’ demographic data were recorded. Descriptive analysis of the data was done. A total of 567 maxillary sinuses were included in this study and 241 septa were found. The majority of dentate (60%), partial edentate (59.63%) and edentate (85.71%) groups were found without septa in maxillary sinus. The correlation between dentition and septa was not found. Most septa were located on the medial wall of the maxillary sinus (85.06%), and commonly found in the region of the first and second molars (41.49%). Most maxillary sinuses contained only one septum (88.38%). The septa is mostly attached to the walls of the maxillary sinus (73.03%). Almost 43% (42.74%), of the three-wall-septa attached to the floor, lateral wall and medial wall of the maxillary sinus. The major orientation of the septa was not parallel to sagittal, coronal or horizontal planes (48.96%). The majority of septa completely separated sinus compartments (83.83%). Maxillary sinus septa are common anatomical structures that showed at around 60 – 85% among dentate, partial edentate and edentate patients of the Thai population in this study. They are most often found in the first or second molar region on the floor of the maxillary sinus. These findings are useful information for dentists to prevent possible complications during sinus augmentation procedures.

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9
Page : 301-308

Title : Participatory Action Research to Develop Awareness of Smoking in the Novitiate, via the Photovoice Method, in the Phrapariyattidhamma School in the Province of Chiang Mai

Author(s) : Orapan Chanthra, Songvuth Tuongratanaphan

Keyword(s) : (Raising) Awareness,Novitiate,Photovoice,Smoking

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 301-308

Photovoice is an activity used in Participatory Action Research. It helps lead to an awareness of social problems. The group of novices at the Phrapariyattidhamma school consists mostly of marginalized youths who are socially pressured into participating in smoking. As a consequence, smoking-related problems ensue. This research involved 13 group-leaders, consisting of 11 of the novitiate’s leaders and 2 of their teachers, all of whom were either studying or working at the Phrapariyattidhamma school in the province of Chiang Mai. This research took place between October of 2020 and April of 2021. The goal was to promote awareness of these problems among the novitiate’s leaders at that school. We incorporated focus groups and participant observations by way of the photovoice. The results revealed that photovoice correctly identified smoking-related problems in temples, schools and communities. 302 J DENT ASSOC THAI VOL.71 NO.4 October - December 2021 Accordingly the novitiate leaders learned to recognize problems related to smoking, particularly health-related problems for smokers, the negative effects of second-hand smoke and the various other deleterious economic effects. These realizations led to a non-smoking campaign being organized by the leaders group. After the campaign 30.8% of the novice students had quit smoking, and a further 26.9% had reduced their daily intake. Furthermore, no new smokers were created, nor were recidivists noted. In summation: the photovoice method as applied here increased awareness of smoking-related problems amongst the novitiate leaders, caused the creation of a non-smoking campaign, and either a reduction or cessation of smoking amongst the novice students themselves ensued.

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10
Page : 309-320

Title : Community Based Participatory Research: Development of an Integrated Learning Program for Dietary Behavior and Executive Function Promotion of Early Childhood in Wangthong District, Phitsanulok Province

Author(s) : Wanita Maklon, Atisak Chuengpattanawadee

Keyword(s) : Community based participatory research,Dietary behavior,Early childhood,Executive function skills

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 309-320

This project aimed to develop an integrated model to foster dietary behavior and executive function skills among preschool children in Wangthong District, Phitsanulok Province through community based participatory research process. A partnership between school, health care workers, and researchers used multiple methods to examine the context and environmental health risks in the community. A school health program was also implemented through this collaboration. An action working group was established to facilitate structured involvement of partners in the design, implementation, and evaluation phase of the project. Results of this project were emerging concerted activities as follows: (a) environmental modifications to promote positive dietary behavior practices; (b) assessment of development and problem behaviors of executive function in children and subsequently determining the potential solutions; (c) 310 J DENT ASSOC THAI VOL.71 NO.4 October - December 2021 promoting healthy dietary behavior and executive function skills in the classroom setting; (d) cultivating parent involvement to facilitate improved child care; (e) storytelling through parents with their children to influence positive dietary behavior and executive function skills; and (f) developing additional activities towards betterment of dietary behavior and executive function skills. Despite the brief duration and limitations of the project, the newly nurtured partnerships, emerging concerted activities, and unforeseen community support were fundamental to forge organizational participation focused towards growth and addressing other health-related issues.

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11
Page : 321-330

Title : Comparison of Andrographis paniculata and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Anti-plaque, Anti-gingivitis and Side Effects

Author(s) : Jananya Plianrungsi, Promphakkon Kulthanaamondhita

Keyword(s) : Andrographis paniculata,Chlorhexidine,Dental plaque,Gingivitis,Staining

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 321-330

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Andrographis paniculata (Ap) mouthwash compared with chlorhexidine (chx) mouthwash on anti-plaque, anti-gingivitis, tooth staining, and burning sensation. This study was a double-blind, randomized two group experiments. Thirty-four healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Participants were assigned into two groups and mouthwash was given according to the group. Gingival index, plaque index, stain index and visual analog scale for burning sensation were recorded at baseline and three weeks after the experiment. Then, participants were switched between groups and the data were recorded. The results had shown that the baseline data were not significantly different between the groups. Both mouthwashes can reduce the gingival index but were not significantly different from baseline and between the groups. Both mouthwashes can significantly reduce plaque index but were not statistically significant between the groups. Chx significantly caused more staining on the teeth compared to Ap and the burning sensation reflected as VAS score was significantly lower in Ap. It can be concluded that Ap mouthwash can effectively reduce plaque accumulation, produce less staining and discomfort. This herbal mouthwash can be used as an adjunctive to mechanical oral hygiene procedures and as an alternative to chlorhexidine mouthwash.

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12
Page : 331-338

Title : Model Fabrication for Practicing Manual Reduction of Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation

Author(s) : Sutatta Prajeeyachart, Panu Supatraviwat, Srisurang Suttapreyasri

Keyword(s) : Instructional media,Manual reduction,Three-dimensional solid model,TMJ dislocation,Usability principles

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 331-338

Temporomandibular (TMJ) dislocation occurs when the mandibular condyle has displaced completely out of glenoid fossa and anterosuperiorly to the articular eminence. This condition is considered an urgency since it causes physical pain and mental trauma which is needed to be handled straight away. TMJ reduction, a technique in which the dislocated jaw is pushed downward and backward into its normal position, is the standard treatment for both acute and chronic TMJ dislocations. Accurate placement of the operator’s hand position and force direction make the reduction more effective. The aims of the study were to fabricate the three-dimension (3D) model for practicing accurate manual reduction of acute anterior TMJ dislocation and to assess the satisfaction of the model simulation from unexperienced dental students. The 3D-TMJ dislocation model was fabricated, and redesigned based on the usability principle by Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons until the final design was achieved. The satisfaction, ease of use, proper posture, convenience to hold the jaw, and demonstration of the direction for jaw relocation were assessed using the final prototype in unexperienced dental students. The results indicated that the overall satisfactory level for the final prototype was moderate to high in the formative phase and the overall satisfactory level was high in the summative phase. The 3D-TMJ dislocation model enabled the students to understand how to properly adjust patient position, hand placement, and force direction. The 3D-TMJ dislocation model simulation offers the opportunity for the students to practice their skills and to allow detailed feedback and assessment of their performance.

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คลิกเพื่อเปิดอ่านออนไลน์ เปิด/ดาวน์โหลดไฟล์ PDF
1
Page : 160-167

Title : Effect of Different Disinfection/sterilization Methods on the Initial Tensile Force of Orthodontic Elastomeric Chain

Author(s) : Nantharat Apiwantanakul, Janeta Chavanavesh, Pintu-On Chantarawaratit

Keyword(s) : elastomeric chain,disinfection,tensile force

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 160-167

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different disinfection/sterilization methods on the mechanical properties of orthodontic elastomeric chain in terms of initial tensile force. A total of 150 elastomeric chains from three manufacturers were divided into 5 groups and tested with 70% ethanol, 0.12% chlorhexidine, 2.5% umonium38® and autoclave method. Unexposed chains were also tested as control group. Initial tensile load was determined by stretching the elastomeric chain using a universal testing machine. Significant differences in tensile load were observed among different manufacturers (p<0.05). Compared to unexposed chains, tensile force of elastomeric chain in autoclave group significantly decreased (p<0.05). However, there was no significant differences after immersion in disinfection solutions including 70% ethanol and 2.5% umonium38®. In conclusion, sterilization by autoclave affects the mechanical properties of elastomeric chain. Short exposure of elastomeric chain to disinfectant solutions before use intraorally is recommended in orthodontic clinic.

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2
Page : 168-175

Title : Clinical Success Rate of Custom-made Miniscrews

Author(s) : Prajak Jariyapongpaiboon

Keyword(s) : Orthodontic Miniscrews,Custom-made Miniscrew,Miniscrew Success Rate

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 168-175

Custom-made orthodontic miniscrews were tested for physical property and primary stability with satisfactory results. The next step of miniscrew development was a clinical trial. The study objective was to analyze and compare the success rate of the custom-made miniscrews with those of the imported miniscrews. Patients who required two miniscrews in each quadrant of an upper arch were recruited into a single-blinded, split-mouth, randomized, controlled trial. Imported miniscrews were inserted in one side as a control group while custom-made miniscrews were inserted on the other side as an experiment group. The success rates of each of the two types of miniscrews were examined. Criteria for the success of miniscrews were an absence of mobility, lose or lost and maintained for six months. Fisher exact probability test was used to examine the correlation between the success rates and types of miniscrews. Forty-two patients were included in the study. The success rate of the imported miniscrews and custom-made miniscrews was 88.1 and 85.7 % respectively. The result was not a significant difference. Factors potentially affecting the success were investigated. There was no a significant difference in age, sex, sagittal and vertical skeletal type, and miniscrew applications. In conclusion, custom-made miniscrews have the success rate equal to those of imported miniscrews. With lower prices and reduced importation, custom-made miniscrews should be encouraged to replace the use of imported miniscrews.
 
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3
Page : 176-183

Title : In Vitro the Impact of Surface Components and Environmental Factors on the Adhesion and Aggregation Ability of Oral Lactobacillus fermentum

Author(s) : Penthip Saetang, Rawee Teanpaisan, Supatcharin Piwat

Keyword(s) : Adhesion,Aggregation,Cell surface components,Lactobacillus fermentum,Oral cavity

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 176-183

Lactobacillus fermentum is considered as a beneficial member of the oral normal microbiota. Bacterial aggregation and/or adhesion are essential for their persistence and maintaining the balance in a healthy oral ecosystem. The coaggregation interaction with pathogenic strains is a key factor of the strains to exclude pathogens. The objective of this study was to investigate the environmental factors affecting the adhesion and autoaggregation of oral L. fermentum strains and their coaggregation ability with cariogenic pathogen, Streptococcus mutans. The bacterial cell surface components of these strains were evaluated. The results showed that the adhesion ability of oral L. fermentum to H357 keratinocyte cells was enhanced by cell surface protein, polysaccharides and S-layer protein, while aggregation ability was only mediated by a proteinaceous component. The tested factors including acid-base conditions, calcium ions, sugars and enzymes were analyzed. It was found that the adhesion and autoaggregation of these L. fermentum strains were not inhibited by any tested factors. Moreover, the acidic condition at pH 4.0 and calcium treatment significantly promoted adhesion abilities. Most of the tested factors showed no effect on the coaggregation between L. fermentum and S. mutans, except lactose and lysozyme treatments which decreased this ability. Overall results showed that oral L. fermentum strains had adaptive traits in various factors which were representative of various physico-chemical conditions in the oral cavity.
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4
Page : 184-193

Title : Treatment Preferences of Vital Permanent Teeth with Carious Pulp Exposure: Questionnaire Survey among Dentists in Public Hospitals of Thailand

Author(s) : Chayapol Thumrongjaruwat, Busayarat Santiwong, Soranun Chantarangsu, Pairoj Linsuwanont

Keyword(s) : Carious pulp exposure,Questionnaire survey,Vital pulp therapy

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 184-193

To investigate treatment preferences and factors influencing treatment decisions of vital permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure. An electronic questionnaire was randomly sent to dentists in public hospitals in Thailand. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; 1) four case scenarios with choices of treatment and 2) inquiry of individual participant data. The relationship of the treatment preferences and participants’ background characteristics variables were statistically analyzed using the binary multivariable logistic regression analysis. The response rate of this study was 53.3 % (504 out of 1002 dentists). In teeth with reversible pulpitis, the majority of dentists preferred vital pulp therapy (75.8 %), especially direct pulp capping (61.2 %). Pulpectomy (>70 %) was the treatment of choice for teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. There was no uniform treatment preference of symptomatic immature tooth: apexification (40.8 %), vital pulp therapy (32.2 %) and reference to a specialist (26.9 %). Dentists with postgraduate education preferred vital pulp therapy to apexification in symptomatic immature teeth. In teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, dentists without experience of root canal treatment on molar teeth preferred to refer cases to a specialist for further treatment. Treatment decisions have been influenced by clinical signs and symptoms and stage of root development. Various factors from participants including age, gender, clinical experiences and postgraduate education affected decision making. Clinical practice guidelines of vital immature tooth with carious pulp exposure is needed to assist dentists in making decisions about appropriate treatment.

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5
Page : 194-204

Title : Digital Panoramic Radiographic Indices Correlated with BMD Status

Author(s) : Net-nada Chongruangsri, Pornchai Jansisyanont, Vannaporn Chuenchompoonut, Tanawat Amphansap, Nitirat Stitkitti

Keyword(s) : Bone mineral density,Osteoporosis,Panoramic

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 194-204

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between panoramic radiographic indices and osteoporosis, and determine whether digital panoramic radiographs could be used as a screening tool for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in Thai postmenopausal women. This was a cross-sectional study of sixty Thai postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis. The participants were divided into three groups based on a diagnosis of their bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA): normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis equally in each group. Panoramic radiographic indices measured are mental index (MI) and mandibular cortical index (MCI). The Pearson’s correlation test was performed to analyze the correlation among MI, MCI, and BMD t-score. To determine the ability of the indices, to classify disease and investigate the cut-off value of MI for diagnosis of osteoporosis, the receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed. The P value was set at 0.05. From this study, it was found that MCI were significant differences between the three groups (p<0.001). There were correlations between panoramic radiographic indices and BMD in the regions of the hip bone and the lumbar spine. MI was positively correlated with BMDs: lumbar spine: r=0.566, femoral neck: r= 0.554, and total hip: r= 0.524 (p<0.001). MCI was negatively correlated with BMDs: lumbar spine: r= -0.514, femoral neck: r= -0.507, total hip: r=-0.513 (p<0.001). The cut-off value of MI for the reduced skeletal BMD groups (both osteopenia and osteoporosis groups) was 3.9 mm and for the diagnosis of osteoporosis was 3.8 mm. The results of this study suggest that MI and MCI can be used as a screening tool for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in Thai postmenopausal women.
 
 
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6
Page : 205-211

Title : Study of Methods to Improve the Physical Properties of Bioceramic Cement

Author(s) : Kunrawee Inprakhon, Busayarat Santiwong, Pairoj Linsuwanont

Keyword(s) : Bioceramic cement,Calcium chloride,Calcium tungstate,Particle size,Physical property

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 205-211

This study aimed to investigate the effect of particle size, the addition of various concentrations of calcium chloride and calcium tungstate on the physical properties of white Portland cement.  White Portland cement with two different particle sizes (12 and 5 Microns) were used as the main component. Calcium chloride with various concentrations was added as an accelerator, and calcium tungstate was used as a radiopacifier. The ISO 6876:2012 and ISO 9917-1:2007 standard testing protocol were applied for setting time, compressive strength and radiopacity evaluation. White Portland cement with calcium tungstate showed the radiopacity of 4.2 mmAl. Calcium chloride accelerated the setting time but also decreased the compressive strength. The dose dependent effect of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 % and 30 % calcium chloride on setting time and compressive strength was not in a linear pattern. Small particle size Portland cement with 15 % calcium chloride provided a short setting time with acceptable compressive strength.
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7
Page : 212-221

Title : Adverse Events in Pediatric Dental Care Part 1: Before Treatment

Author(s) : Phaingruethai Loeksomphot, Thanawut Khongpreecha, Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip, Sasipa Thiradilok, Praewpat Pachimsawat

Keyword(s) : Dental care,Children,Adverse event

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 212-221

This study aimed to elucidate any evidence on adverse events, defined as an unprecedented event which potentially could lead to injury, occurring to child patients during their dental visits. The study was mainly divided into 2 parts: part 1- before treatment and part 2- during treatment. A survey of the dentists who were taking care of child patients was performed using a questionnaire asking their direct experience on any kind of adverse events throughout their working period but within the past 10 years. Percentage and frequencies on their experienced cases of non-treatment related adverse events were described. Association between factors of the respondents and their experiences of cases was assessed by Chi-square and logistic regression. A total of 390 dentists who were taking care of child patients responded to the questionnaire. Those who experienced any kind of adverse events in which child patients got involved before dental treatment at the waiting area was 49.49 % of all respondents (95 % confidence interval (CI), 44.53-54.45), while 39.23 % (95 % CI, 34.38-44.08) of the respondents witnessed adverse events before dental treatment began inside the operatory. A slip and fall injury was the most frequently reported event at the waiting area, whereas wound or cut by sharps was reported highest inside the operatory. No other association between experiences on adverse events outside the operatory room and the dentists’ demographic data was found, whereas pediatric dentists tended to experience more adverse events inside the operatory (odds ratio: 1.57, p=0.032). The study suggests that dentists have experienced a substantial amount of injuries to their child patients at the waiting area, as well as in the operatory room, even before dental treatment begins. Sufficient care and preventive measures should be emphasized from the time child patients are awaiting dental treatment.
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8
Page : 222-230

Title : Adverse Events in Pediatric Dental Care Part 2: During Treatment

Author(s) : Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip, Rachatawan Leelarungsun, Phaingruethai Loeksomphot, Sasipa Thiradilok, Somchai Manopatanakul, Praewpat Pachimsawat

Keyword(s) : Dental treatment,Children,Adverse event

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 222-230

This study aimed to collect adverse events happening during pediatric dental care. The article part 1 has described non-treatment related adverse events, whereas this article presented treatment-related adverse events during treatment. A survey of the dentists who were taking care of child patients was performed using a questionnaire asking their direct experience on any kind of adverse events throughout their working period but within the past 10 years. Experiences on body wounds/injury and soft tissue irritation that were related to dental treatment were asked. Percentage and frequencies on their experienced cases, as well as types of dental objects and parts of body involved, were described. Association between factors of the respondents and their experiences of cases was assessed by Chi-square and logistic regression. Among 390 respondents, 89.23 % experienced any kind of body wounds/injury during pediatric dental treatment (95 % confidence interval (CI), 86.15-92.31): burs, mouth gag and needle of syringe were the top three of most common instruments involved. Soft tissue irritation was reported by 179 respondents (45.90 % with 95 % CI, 40.95-50.85): prophylaxis paste/pumice and etchant were most commonly reported. Lip and eye were parts of body that were most frequently involved in adverse events. No other association between experiences on soft tissue irritation and the dentists’ demographic data was found, whereas dentists working in private hospitals and clinics tended to experience fewer body wounds/injury during dental treatment than those in public hospitals and dental schools (odds ratio: 0.43, p=0.016). The study indicates that many kinds of adverse events actually occur during pediatric dental care. Protective equipment, such as rubber dam and protective eye-glasses, can be useful, if possibly applicable. Awareness and culture of patient safety should be raised among dental professionals.
 
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YEAR

คลิกเพื่อเปิดอ่านออนไลน์ เปิด/ดาวน์โหลดไฟล์ PDF
1
Page : 84-92

Title : Contemporary Trends in Dental Local Anaesthesia: A Review of Literature

Author(s) : Natthamet Wongsirichat, Thippayarat Thongim, Lee Kian Khoo, Bishwa Prakash Bhattarai, Nattisa Niyomtham, Verasak Pairuchvej

Keyword(s) : Anaesthesia,Epinephrine,Local Anaesthetic,Mechanism,Pharmacology,Vasoconstrictor

Manuscript Type : Review Article (บทความปริทัศน์)

Page : 84-92

Local anaesthesia is widely used to mitigate pain and discomfort in a variety of dental procedures. Dental local anaesthetics must be carefully used like any other drugs. Dentists should have basic knowledge and understanding of local anaesthetics before using these drugs. Despite their safety and effectiveness, local anaesthetics can produce 
 unwanted adverse effects if used carelessly. Thus, there should be judicious use of local anaesthetic in dental procedures, especially in medically-compromised patients. This article aims to review the general characteristics of local anaesthetics, mechanism of action, physiologic properties, metabolism, and elimination mechanisms, the maximum recommended doses, and the roles of vasoconstrictors that are added to the dental local anaesthetics.
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2
Page : 93-101

Title : Linear dimensional changes of acrylic resin denture bases after using denture cleansers: conventional and injection-molding techniques

Author(s) : Chaivut Prunkngarmpun, Somchai Pongkornkumpon, Subin Puasiri

Keyword(s) : Acrylic resin,Denture cleansers,Linear dimensional change

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 93-101

The purposes of this study were to compare the linear dimensional change of specimens processed by the conventional compression and injection techniques before and after immersion in denture cleansers to simulate 180 days of use. There were two groups of material; heat and IvoBase hybrid. Each material was divided into four groups; before immersion, immersion in tap water, Polident, and 5% vinegar diluted with tap water 1:6 (n=8). The linear dimensional change was measured using a stereo microscope machine. The independent sample t-test demonstrated that the linear dimensional change of the IvoBase hybrid with injection technique was significantly lower than that of the heat-polymerized acrylic resin with compression technique. Nevertheless, the result of one way ANOVA illustrated insignificant differences in the linear dimensional change after denture cleansers immersion. It can be concluded that the IvoBase hybrid with injection molding technique had a lower linear dimensional change than that of the heat-polymerized with conventional compression technique regardless of denture cleanser immersion. Diluted vinegar is an alternative product that can be used as a long-term routine denture cleanser agent like Polident.
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3
Page : 102-110

Title : Color Analysis and Tooth Shades among Maxillary Anterior Teeth and Premolars in Thai Population

Author(s) : Chakree Ongthiemsak, Panita Chantanawilas, Kanwara Vilamas, Jiroj Maharat, Chutatip Losithong, Tanchanok Raknganchang, Thanyaphurt Utamavatin, Bussara Pongsermsuk

Keyword(s) : Anterior tooth,Spectrophotometer,Tooth color,Tooth shade

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 102-110

The color of anterior teeth is usually different in nature. Therefore, knowing the color differences of these teeth is useful in cosmetic dentistry. The aim of this study was to analyze the CIE L*a*b* color coordinates, the color differences, and tooth shade among the maxillary central incisor, the lateral incisor, the canine, and the premolar in a group of 181 Thai participants (75 males and 106 females) aged 18 to 30 years old who were recruited for this study. The color coordinate of L*, a*, b*, and tooth shade according to the VITA 3D-Master shade guide of the maxillary anterior teeth and the premolar were measured by a spectrophotometer. The color coordinates were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Scheffe multiple comparisons. The lightness difference (|∆L*|), redness-greenness difference (|∆a*|), blueness-yellowness difference (|∆b*|), and the total color difference (∆E*ab) among the central incisor, the lateral incisor, the canine, and the premolar were calculated and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Both male and female participants presented similar results. ∆E*ab between the maxillary canine and the central incisor was the highest. The central incisor was the lightest, followed by the lateral incisor and the premolar. The canine showed more red and yellow colors followed by the premolar and the lateral incisor. The |∆b*| was greater than the |∆L*| and |∆a*| in all groups except for a group of the canine/premolar. It can be concluded that the color differences between all maxillary anterior teeth and the premolar were mainly due to the influence of the color yellow. The higher the lightness, the lower the red and yellow colors will be found. The most common shades are 2M2 for the central and the lateral incisor, 2M3 for the canine and the premolar in young Thai adults.
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4
Page : 111-117

Title : Effect of Temperature on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of R-phase Technology and Conventionally Produced Nickel-titanium Alloys

Author(s) : Sirawut Hiran-us, Kwanchanok Khajornchaiyakul, Somsinee Pimkhaokham

Keyword(s) : Cyclic fatigue Resistance,Differential scanning calorimetry,Nickel-titanium rotary,R-phase,temperature

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 111-117

This study evaluated the effect of temperature on the cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium rotary files produced by conventional and R-phase technology and to determine the austenite finishing temperature of these nickel-titanium alloys. The cyclic fatigue resistance of K3 and K3XF files was determined at room and body temperatures using a model in which the canal shape was similar to that of the file. The austenite finishing temperatures of the K3 and K3XF files were also investigated. The cyclic fatigue resistance of the conventional or R-phase technology alloys was significantly reduced at body temperature. The cyclic fatigue resistance of the R-phase technology alloy was approximately 2-fold higher compared with the conventional alloy in both temperatures. The austenite finishing temperature of each alloy was lower than body temperature. A cooling strategy may increase the files’ cyclic fatigue resistance which benefits shaping challenging curve canals.
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5
Page : 118-126

Title : A Clinical Retention between Thailand Innovative and Imported Clear Dental Sealants on First Permanent Molars: A Randomized Controlled

Author(s) : Siriporn Songsiripradubboon, Donhathai Sittipongporn, Wacharaporn Tasachan, Pasutha Thunyakitpisal

Keyword(s) : Randomized clinical trial,12 months observation,retention rate,pit and fissure sealant

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 118-126

The objective of this split-mouth randomized controlled trial was to compare clinical retention rate of Thailand innovative clear sealant (LAS-clear) and imported sealant (Delton clear: Dentsply International, Inc., USA). This study was comprised 120 pairs of contralateral first permanent molars of 64 children aged 6-9 years old. The retention of the sealant was investigated at 6- and 12- month post-treatment with evaluation criteria: 1) total retention, 2) partial loss, and 3) total loss. The data were collected and analyzed using McNemar’s test at p = 0.05. Our results demonstrated that the retention on occlusal surface of LAS-clear group has the total retention at 81.0% and 71.1% at 6- and 12-month post-treatment, respectively, while that of Delton clear group was 80.0% and 66.3% at 6- and 12-month follow-up, respectively. No significant difference between the two groups at 6- and 12- month follow up was observed (p = 1.0 and 0.54, respectively). In conclusion, the retention rate of Thailand innovation LAS-clear is equal to Delton clear sealant at 12 months follow-up.
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6
Page : 127-134

Title : C-Fos Expression in Trigeminal nucleus and Bodyweight of Rats after Pulpitis in Molar Tooth

Author(s) : Uraiwan Chokechanachaisakul, Arnonchai Junsuntonpass

Keyword(s) : Bodyweight,C-Fos,Pulpitis,Trigeminal nucleus

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 127-134

The c-Fos expression, found in nuclei of neurons, was associated with nociception after many types of noxious stimuli and introduced as a marker of pain. In case of teeth injuries, another detection method of pain sensation in animal models can be inferred from weight loss as an indirect pain measurement of feeding behavior, resulting from pain. The aim of this study was to detect pulpal pain via bodyweight combine with c-Fos expression in the rat model. Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were nurtured and recorded their pre-operative weights for 1 week. All rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The lower left first mandibular molar was drilled 0.5 mm. in the control group while the pulp was exposed in the experimental group and all rats were parented and recorded their postoperative weights for 1 week. Then, all rats were euthanized and the brain tissues and the teeth were collected. The number of Fos immunoreactive (IR) neurons from the ipsilateral and contralateral brain were detected by immunohistochemistry. The difference of pre- and post-operative increasing weight was analyzed by t-test. Pulpitis was histologically diagnosed. The Fos-IR neurons were significantly higher in the ipsilateral trigeminal nucleus in the experimental group, compared to the control group. In all rats, the post-operative increasing weights increased slower than pre-operative increasing weights and the difference of pre- and post-increasing operative weight of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The histologic findings of first molar rats showed normally dental pulp morphology in the control group while the pulp of exposure group exhibited an area of necrosis, enlarged blood vessels and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration. Thus, bodyweight changing can be easily used as an indirect pain measurement of pulpal pain. The methods developed are also useful in pain assessment in animal models.
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7
Page : 135-148

Title : Oral Health-related Quality of Life in Thai Older People with Metabolic Syndrome

Author(s) : Sirichai Kiattavorncharoen, Nattapat Khongsirisombat, Potchaman Sinavarat, Raweewan Arayasantiparb, Nis Okuma, Supanee Thanakun

Keyword(s) : aged,metabolic syndrome,oral health,quality of life

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 135-148

This study evaluated oral health-related quality of life (OH-QoL) and factors related in Thai older people with and without metabolic syndrome (MS). Participants were Thai older people and their data were collected. MS was diagnosed; oral status and oral dryness were determined. OH-QoL was evaluated by the oral health impact profile index (OHIP-14). Forty-four (62.0 %) participants with MS and 27 (38.0 %) healthy older people were recruited. The age range of the participants was 60-86 years. Patients with MS had fewer sleeping hours than patients without MS but had higher tooth diseases. (p=0.009 and p=0.022, respectively) Oral dryness was significantly higher in patients with MS than in patients without MS. (p=0.007) A negative impact on the quality of life evaluated by OHIP-14 scoring 3-4 tended to be found more frequently in participants with MS. (p=0.041) An average score of each item in older persons with MS was more prominent than that of the non-MS group. However, the total score for the assessment of OH-QoL severity was a marginally significant difference. (p=0.055) The odds ratio for the response at OHIP-14 scoring 4 as predicted by waist circumference (WC), oral dryness and sleeping hours was 1.15 (95%CI:1.04,1.27), 0.61 (95%CI:0.38,0.99) and 0.32 (95%CI:0.14,0.71), respectively. Nevertheless, if the outcome for the response at OHIP-14 scoring 3-4 was determined, oral dryness factor disappeared. Therefore, older people with MS have an increasing undesirably negative impact on OH-QoL, influenced by WC, oral dryness, and sleeping hours.
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8
Page : 149-159

Title : Volume Loss of Ceramic and Enamel by Ceramic Antagonist under Various Acidic Condition and Its SEM

Author(s) : Chanothai Hengtrakool, Khanawat Saebang

Keyword(s) : Erosion,Ceramic wear,Erosion-attrition,Antagonist,Tooth wear

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 149-159

The aim of this study was to measure volume loss of enamel and ceramic by the ceramic antagonists under acidic conditions and its SEM.  Flat surface of ceramic and human enamel specimens were prepared with testing area 5×7 mm2.  Triangular prism shape of ceramic antagonists were prepair using either a Feldspathic ceramic (A) or Lithium-disilicate ceramic (B).  Simple mono-directional wear simulator was used in this study and set speed at 150 cycle/min with loading weigh 150 g.  Two acidic solutions were commercial lemon juice (pH 1.8) and vinegar (pH 2.6) while deionized water (pH 6.1) was use as negative control.  Erosion-attrition testing was run 30 mins for each group. After erosion-attrition cycle, wear scar with wedge shape on each specimen was assessed width, length and depth by measuring microscope. These values were calculated to volume loss of materials. Amounts of volume loss statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Multiple comparison between treatment (p<0.05).  Result have showed that enamel loss by ceramic antagonist was significantly highest for both acidic solution (antagonist-A; lemon 0.65 ± 0.44 mm2 = vinegar 0.44 ± 0.28 mm2.> DW 0.33 ± mm2, antagonist-B; lemon juice 0.89 ± 0.87 mm2 > vinegar 0.29 ± 0.13 mm2 > DW 0.13 ± 0.07 mm2). Volume loss of enamel is significantly greater than ceramic in all condition. It was small amount of wear in both ceramic groups. SEM show longitudinal scratch along the direction of antagonist. In conclusion the amount of volume loss of enamel was greater than volume loss of ceramic in all solution. Erosion-attrition condition were could provide alteration of enamel more than attrition condition only.
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YEAR

คลิกเพื่อเปิดอ่านออนไลน์ เปิด/ดาวน์โหลดไฟล์ PDF
1
Page : 1-8

Title : Dental Implant Treatment at The Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University: 5-year Data Analysis

Author(s) : Keskanya Subbalekha, Chatchaya Boonyatikarn, Pojnicha Srisopon, Wathanya Sookjadit

Keyword(s) : dental implant,maintenance,patient database,recall,treatment record

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 1-8

The aim of this study was to analyze the dental implant treatment data at the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University (FDCU) for the past 5 years. The treatment records of patients who had implants placed during 2014-2018 were retrieved from the FDCU electronic patient database. Patient information; sex, age, region, implant number and complications, and patient’s follow-up were collected. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics software.  We found that among 4,111 records, 2,734 records with 4,279 implants met the study criteria. The number of implant patients increased approximately 10 % each year. The average patients’ age was 55.9 years old (range 15-89 years). Sixty percent of the patients were 50 - 69 years old, female, and had one implant placed. Seventy-one percent of the implants were placed in the posterior region. Among the 1,967 patients who had complete implant restoration for at least six months, 1,245 (63.3 %) followed the maintenance recall schedule. Complications were detected in 288 implants and 76 implants were eliminated. Seven departments/clinics at FDCU provided implant treatment. However, missing implant details and illegible handwriting were found in many records. In conclusion, the number of dental patients at FDCU is increasing. Most patients were 50-69 years old, with the majority of the implants placed in the posterior region. Although half of the patients followed the first-year maintenance recall schedule, the number decreased over time. Few complications were noted. One third of the records was incomplete resulting in less data to be analyzed.
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2
Page : 9-19

Title : Children Oral Hygiene, Parental Knowledge and Oral Health Care during Children’s Hospitalization

Author(s) : Suwan Prasongtunskul, Wantanee Cheamram

Keyword(s) : Knowledge and behavior of oral health care,Hospitalization,Oral hygiene of children

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 9-19

The objective of this study was to provide information on oral hygiene status of children while hospitalized including parental knowledge and oral health care, also to be used as a guideline to improve oral hygiene for children who are hospitalized. The study was performed in 30 patients in pediatric ward, aged 3 to 7 years. Assessment of oral hygiene status was done by measuring the plaque index before and during hospitalization, parents’ knowledge about factors affecting dental caries and behavioral changes of dental health care of children while in hospital was collected by one-on-one structured interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in percentage, mean and the different plaque index values with T-Test statistics. The study was found that oral hygiene status in hospitalized children are at a very poor level compared to before admitted with an average plaque index of 89.1 points and 69 points respectively with statistical significance (p<0.001). Level of knowledge about factors affecting dental caries of parents was at a high of 43.3 % and was at moderate of 40 %. More than 90 % of parents know that mouth cleaning, sweets or flour or sugar eating, drinking sweetened beverages or milk, and eating between meals affecting the occurrence of tooth decay. Dental health care while in hospital was found that self-brushing decreased by 80 %, brushing by parents decreased by 63.3 %, and sleeping with a bottle increased by 30 %. The results of the study concluded that oral hygiene status and oral health care behavior of children have negative change while hospitalized. There was a statistically significant increase in plaque index values and decrease in self brushing and brushing by parents. Most parents had a high and medium level of knowledge about factors that affect the occurrence of tooth decay.
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3
Page : 20-34

Title : Accuracy of Digital Models Derived from Intraoral Scanners Compared with Plaster Models

Author(s) : Nonglak Sombuntham, Wasawatt Praneechotiros, Pitchaya Chaiyaraksa

Keyword(s) : Model analysis,3D surface analysis,Intraoral scanner

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 20-34

The purpose of study was to determine accuracy of 2-dimensional parameters and 3-dimensional surface distance deviation of dental models derived from two intraoral scanners compared to plaster models taken from samples with malocclusion and samples who previously received orthodontic treatment. The samples consisted of 15 subjects with malocclusion (PAR scores > 24, Malocclusion Group) and 15 subjects who previously received orthodontic treatment (PAR scores < 9, Orthodontic treated Group). Three types of dental models from each subject were (1) plaster models from Alginate impression, (2) digital models from intraoral scanners, TRIOS® (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) and (3) digital models from CEREC Ortho® (Sirona, Dental, Thailand). Nine 2-D parameters of plaster models using a digital caliper were measured. The digital models were measured by digitization processing software (MeshLab, Italy). Surface distance deviation of digital models from the two scanners were determined by superimposing surfaces using color mapping. Comparing 2D parameters by RM-ANOVA with Bonferroni’s method for multiple comparisons, results showed that Upper Intercanine Width of plaster models was significantly different from CEREC Ortho® digital models (F(2,56) = 4.490, p= .016) with mean difference -0.146±0.057 mm (p= .048). In addition, malocclusion had a significant interaction on Midline Deviation (MD) among three types of models (F(1.408, 39.430) = 5.421, p= .016). The plaster models had significant difference MD from digital models from TRIOS® and CEREC Ortho® (Mean difference 0.234±0.068 mm, p= .005; 0.169±0.066 mm, p= .047 respectively). Comparing by t-test, there was no significant difference of 3-D surface distance deviation of digital models between Malocclusion and Orthodontic treated groups. In conclusion, accuracy of two digital models was clinically accepted. Malocclusion had an interaction on Midline Deviation of the two digital models. 3-D surface distance deviation of the digital models from two intraoral scanners showed no significant difference.
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4
Page : 35-43

Title : Evaluation of the Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery and Related Factors Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images

Author(s) : Pornchai Jansisyanont, Nutcha Benjaphalakron, Vannaporn Chuenchompoonut, Sirichai Kiattavorncharoen

Keyword(s) : Cone beam computed tomography,Maxillary sinus,Posterior superior alveolar artery,Sinus augmentation,Sinus lift

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 35-43

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, location, diameter, and distance of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) from the alveolar crest; and its association with sex, age, and dental status using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Retrospectively reviewed CBCT images of maxillary sinuses from 370 sinuses in 185 patients at the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University were evaluated. The prevalence, location, diameter, and the distance between the alveolar crest and PSAA were evaluated. The prevalence, location, diameter, and distance from the alveolar crest were compared according to sex, age, and dental status. The result revealed that the PSAA was detected in 32.16 % of sinuses and most (52.85 %) had an intraosseous location. The diameter was mostly <1 mm (80.31 %). Males had a significantly larger diameter than females (p < 0.05). Most PSAAs (65.28 %) were >15 mm from the alveolar crest. The distance from the alveolar crest was highest at the first premolar and lowest at the first molar. Most detectable PSAAs were <1 mm in diameter and ≥15 mm from the alveolar crest, indicating a low chance of severe bleeding during sinus augmentation. However, a preoperative CBCT is necessary to avoid complications and design an accurate treatment plan.
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5
Page : 44-52

Title : Orthodontic Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Using the Minimally Invasive Bracket System

Author(s) : Eduardo Yugo Suzuki, Somyot Limpanaputtajak, Boonsiva Suzuki

Keyword(s) : Dental anchorage,Orthodontic extraction,Third molar,Uprighting

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 44-52

The purpose of this study was to introduce the application of an orthodontic extraction (OE) with a reinforced dental device, called “minimally invasive bracket (MIB)”, to an upright impacted mandibular third molar (MI8) before extraction. The performance of the MIB for OE of an MI8 was investigated. Twenty-four MI8s, planned for OE, were divided into two groups. In the MIB group (n= 12), the MI8s were uprighted with anchorage reinforcement of posterior teeth provided by the MIB. In the control group (n= 12), the MI8s were uprighted without any anchorage reinforcement. All MI8s were removed by simple extraction after the uprighting process. Lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs were taken at the beginning (T0) and by the end (T1) of the uprighting process. Using T0 and T1 radiographs, altered movement and angulation of the MI8 (moving unit) and adjacent second molars (anchorage unit) were monitored and compared between the two groups. For the moving unit, the amount and rate of MI8 distalization between the MIB (1.8±1.0 mm, 0.9±0.5 mm/month) and control (1.3±0.7 mm, 0.6±0.3 mm/ month) groups were significantly different (p=0.117, 0.041). For the anchorage unit, the amount and rate of second molar mesial tipping between the MIB (1.8±0.9º, 0.8±0.2º/month) and control (4.2±2.5º, 1.8±0.9º/month) groups were significantly different (p=0.008, 0.004). The amount and rate of second molar mesialization between the MIB (0.6±0.3 mm, 0.3±0.1 mm/month) and control (2.1±0.9 mm, 1.0±0.2 mm/month) groups were significantly different (p=0.000, 0.000). The amount and rate of second molar intrusion between the MIB (0.7±0.3 mm, 0.3±0.2 mm/month) and control (1.8±0.9 mm, 0.8±0.3 mm/month) groups were significantly different (p=0.002, 0.000). OE with the MIB efficiently uprights the MI8s and reinforces dental anchorage, thus avoiding undesirable dental movement.
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6
Page : 53-63

Title : Effects of Alveolar Bone Width and Density on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Author(s) : Eduardo Yugo Suzuki, Nawaporn Ritwiroon, Boonsiva Suzuki

Keyword(s) : Bone density,Bone width,Cone-beam computed tomography,Orthodontic tooth movement

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 53-63

Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has been widely explored. However, the influence of individual characteristics of alveolar bone on the rate of OTM has not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of morphological features and the density of the alveolar process on the rate of OTM. The study included 24 participants (15 females, 9 males) with an average age of 20.9 years (SD± 3.4 years). Maxillary canines were retracted for three months using a standardized OTM protocol with segmental archwires and superelastic NiTi closed coil springs (50 gm) to provide light continuous force. No functional or localized occlusal interferences affected tooth movement. Pre- and post-canine retraction records were obtained with an intraoral dental scanner from which 3D dental models were created and superimposed to evaluate the amount and rate of OTM. Pre-treatment cone-beam computed tomography images of patients were used to measure alveolar bone width and density on the distal aspect of each canine. The correlation between the rate of OTM and the measured variables was investigated. The results show the mean rate OTM was 0.91 mm/month (range 0.80 - 1.03 mm/month). The rate of OTM was weakly positively correlated with the alveolar bone width to root ratio (r = 0.334, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with cortical bone density (r = -0.297, P < 0.05). A wide range of OTM variation (range 0.04 - 0.86 mm/month) within the same individual, between right and left sides was observed in 75 % of cases indicating an asymmetric OTM pattern. The rate of OTM is influenced by alveolar bone width to root ratio and bone density which vary within the same individual. Teeth with higher bone width to root ratio and lower density tend to move faster than those with a lower ratio and higher density.
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7
Page : 64-73

Title : Factors Associated with Dental Caries among Hill Tribe Preschool Children in Doi Tung Development Project, Chiang Rai

Author(s) : Pornpun Asvanit, Niwat Thanaboonyang, Busayarat Santiwong

Keyword(s) : Dental caries,Doi Tung Development Project,Hill Tribe preschool children,Oral hygiene

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 64-73

Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases among preschool children in Thailand. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with caries experience in the underserved Hill Tribe preschool children in Doi Tung Development Project, Chiang Rai. One hundred Hill Tribe preschool children aged 3 to 5 years old were invited to participate in the study. The children were examined for decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). The primary caregivers of the children were interviewed with the structured questionnaire regarding their family demographics and socioeconomic background, the 24-hour dietary recall food record and the oral health habits of the children. The relationships between caries experience (dmft) and gender, initial age of toothbrushing, assisted toothbrushing, OHI-S, daily carbohydrate snacking, sugary drinks at bedtime, dental visit experience, caregiver education level, and caregiver employment were studied using a multiple linear regression method. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The prevalence of dental caries among the Hill Tribe preschool children was 84 %. The mean dmft score was 5.8±5.0. The prevalence of dental caries had a significant relationship with daily carbohydrate snacking >2 times and dental visit experience. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that dmft was significantly associated with OHI-S ≥1 (p=0.002) and dental visit experience (p=0.002). Dental caries were highly prevalent among the Hill Tribe preschool children. Reported consumption of carbohydrate snacks and dental visit experience were related with the prevalence of dental caries, and caries experience was associated with oral hygiene and history of dental visit experience.
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Page : 74-83

Title : Dental Caries Status and High Caries Risk Predictor of Schoolchildren in Private Islamic Religious Schools in Ruso District, Narathiwat Province

Author(s) : Narim Tokanee

Keyword(s) : Schoolchildren,Oral health behavior,Dental caries,Private Islamic religious school

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 74-83

The objectives of this study were to investigate dental caries status and high caries risk predictor of 7-grade secondary schoolchildren. This cross-sectional analytical study involved a sample of 190 schoolchildren. School random sampling was used to recruit children from private Islamic religious schools in Ruso district. Modified oral examination form and oral health behavior questionnaire from World Health Organization and previous study were used for data collection. The chi-square and logistic regression were analyzed to investigate high caries risk predictor. The results found that dental caries prevalence was 89.5 % given the DMFT of 3.69 ± 2.82, and decayed tooth was the main component. The children reported that they frequently brushed their teeth at least twice a day 83.7 %. They also cleaned their teeth before every prayer. They consumed sugary food between meals 70.5 %. Almost of them visited the dentist during the last one year and dental check-up was the most common reason for the dental attendance, and scaling was the most common received treatment. Data analysis showed a statistically significant association between the high caries status with none of oral cleanliness before Zuhr prayer (OR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.21-4.99) and none of appointment for dental treatment (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.23-0.92). In conclusion, schoolchildren in private Islamic religious schools in Ruso district had high caries prevalence and severity. Oral cleanliness before Zuhr prayer was the strongest risk predictor of high caries status, followed by attending every appointment for dental treatment.
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Page : 1 - 8

Title : Effect of Bleaching Methods on Surface Roughness of Resin Impregnated Area of Tooth

Author(s) : Dusit Nantanapiboon, Disapong Youngcharoen, Puliwan Gorwong, Chaiwat Maneenut

Keyword(s) : Resin impregnated area,Surface roughness,Tooth bleaching

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 1 - 8

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of resin impregnated area of tooth before and after bleaching with different procedures. Buccal surfaces of extracted maxillary premolars were luted with orthodontic resin cement and polished until smooth with tungsten carbide bur. Initial surface roughness of the polished area was measured. Teeth were divided into 4 groups as follows: group 1) bleached with 10 % carbamide peroxide 8 hours per day (15 days), group 2) bleached with 20 % carbamide peroxide 8 hours per day (9 days), group 3) bleached with 40 % hydrogen peroxide 3 cycles (2 cycles at day 1 and 1 cycle at day 6) and group 4) bleached with 40 % hydrogen peroxide 2 cycles at day 1 and with 10 % carbamide peroxide 8 hours per day (9 days). Mean initial surface roughness between groups was not statistically different. After bleaching, the surface roughness was measured again. Data were analyzed using pair T-test and F-test one way ANOVA (p<0.05). Results revealed that all bleaching methods significantly increased the surface roughness of the resin impregnated areas. However, there was no significant difference between groups.

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2
Page : 9 - 18

Title : Comparison Study of Periotest M and AnyCheck for Tooth Stability Measurement at the Incisal Edge of the Crown During Active Orthodontic Treatment: A Suggested Protocol

Author(s) : Eduardo Yugo Suzuki, Boonsiva Suzuki

Keyword(s) : AnyCheck,Orthodontic tooth movement,Periotest M,Tooth stability

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 9 - 18

Assessment of tooth stability (TS) during orthodontic treatment provides relevant information regarding the biomechanical behavior of the periodontium. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was 1) to compare the performance of the Periotest M and the AnyCheck in assessing tooth stability, 2) to compare the measurement of TS values obtained from the middle and the incisal edges, and 3) to develop a protocol of tooth stability measurement during the active phase of orthodontic treatment. Comparison of reliability of the Periotest M (Medizintechnik Gulden, Modautal, Germany) and the AnyCheck (IMT-100, DMS Co., LTD. Gangwon-do, Korea) was performed on 20 participants. Both devices are designed to provide objective measurements by assessing the damping capacity. Since the periotest values are displayed in PTV values and AnyCheck displayed in the iST scale (Implant Stability Test), a conversion equation to convert PTV into IST values was developed. A comparison of tooth stability values obtained from the middle and the incisal edge was performed to allow measurements during the active orthodontic treatment. Data was collected and analyzed statistically. Significant differences in TS measurements between the middle and incisal sites were observed. The Periotest produced the largest discrepancies (42.2%, ± 22.2%) between the middle and incisal readings. (p<0.001) Measurements of the posterior teeth were not possible with the Periotest due to the bulky head size. The AnyCheck produced reduced discrepancies between the middle and incisal readings (6.8%, SD 1.9%) with no significant changes in the posterior teeth. Relatively simple measurements were possible with AnyCheck. The correlation coefficient between the mean Periotest M and AnyCheck values was 0.870 (P<0.01). A strong correlation between the Periotest M and AnyCheck values was observed. The use of incisal edge for tooth stability measurements provided reliable and consistent tooth stability measurements. Moreover, it allows measurement during the active phase of orthodontic treatment.

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3
Page : 19 - 28

Title : Self-awareness of Individuals with Severe Periodontitis in Thai Adults

Author(s) : Supang Tuntrakul, Pimchanok Sutthiboonyapan, Prin Vathesatogkit, Artit Udomsak, Attawood Lertpimonchai, Kanoknadda Tavedhikul

Keyword(s) : Awareness,Epidemiology,Periodontitis,Self-report

Manuscript Type : Review Article (บทความปริทัศน์)

Page : 19 - 28

This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the level of self-awareness and its associated factors among Thai adults with severe periodontitis. This study comprised of 619 participants from employees of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) who had completed medical examinations, periodontal examinations, and an interview with self-reported periodontal status questions. All included participants had severe periodontitis. Periodontitis self-awareness was determined by one-on-one interviews of what they thought of their current periodontal status. The answer would be no problem or having gum disease/periodontitis. The prevalence of severe periodontitis with and without self-awareness was estimated. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors with self-awareness. Results showed low awareness of Thai adults with severe periodontitis. Among the participants with the disease, only 24.9 % (95% CI, 21.5, 28.3) reported having periodontitis. The percentage of the participants aware significantly decreased with older age, lower education level, and lower income level. However, it significantly increased with disease severity. The multivariate logistic regression suggested a significant association between the unaware participants and education level of less than bachelor’s degree with the adjusted OR of 1.7. In conclusion, this study shows that periodontitis self-awareness in Thai adults was poor. Older individuals with a lower education level, and lower income were more likely to be unaware of periodontitis. Therefore, periodontal health promotion needs to be emphasized.

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4
Page : 29 - 34

Title : Effect of Orthodontic Loading on Periodontal Ligament Proliferation: A Preliminary Study

Author(s) : Issarintip Denkongpon, Boonsiva Suzuki, Eduardo Yugo Suzuki

Keyword(s) : Orthodontic loading,PDL thickness,Tooth autotransplantation

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 29 - 34

The preapplication of orthodontic loading enhances the proliferation of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and is beneficial for tooth autotransplantation (TAT). However, the changes in the PDL thickness following loading application are unknown. The purpose of the present study was to determine the changes of remaining periodontal ligament (PDL) thickness on the root surface of extracted premolars following orthodontic loading. Twenty-four premolars were divided into control and preloaded (4, 8, and >12-weeks) groups. Premolars were extracted, fixed, and stained with toluidine blue for the assessment of the remaining PDL. The radicular portion was sectioned into apical, middle, and coronal thirds. Images of the sections were recorded under a stereomicroscope and the PDL thickness was measured with ImageJ software. Data was collected and analyzed statistically. The preloading groups (4, 8, and >12-weeks) showed a significant increase in the overall PDL thickness compared to the control (0.123 ± 0.01 mm) (P<0.01). The 8-weeks group (0.198 ± 0.022 mm) provided the highest increase in overall PDL thickness among the preloading groups (P<0.05). No statistical difference in the PDL thickness between the 4-weeks (0.153 ± 0.014 mm), >12-weeks (0.157 ± 0.019 mm) groups was observed. The 8-weeks orthodontic preloading duration provided the highest increase in the PDL thickness. After this period, the PDL thickness rebounded, therefore indicating the rebound of the PDL. An increase in PDL thickness is advantageous for the success of TAT.

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5
Page : 35 - 40

Title : Pulpal Microvasculature Changes During Orthodontic Loading: A Histomorphological Study in Humans

Author(s) : Chanakarn Ratanavila, Eduardo Yugo Suzuki, Boonsiva Suzuki, Anchalee Tantiwetrueangdet

Keyword(s) : Angiogenesis,Dental pulp,Orthodontic loading,Vascular change

Manuscript Type : Review Article (บทความปริทัศน์)

Page : 35 - 40

The objectives of this study were to perform quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the histological pulpal microvasculature changes and angiogenesis following orthodontic loading application in humans. Twelve third molars that were loaded with a 0.016-inch Sentalloy archwire for 1, 3, 4, and 8 weeks were used in the study. Following extraction, specimens were fixed, embedded, and stained with CD146, marker for endothelial cell lineage. The quantification of blood vessels in the histological sections (vascularity) was done with an image analyzer and the mean number of blood vessels was calculated. The results showed a significant increase in vascularity in the 1-week group compared to the other groups. However, the new blood vessels had small diameters and were congested with blood cells. In the 3-weeks and 4-weeks groups, the vascularity was similar to that of the control group. However, the blood vessels had a larger diameter than in the 1-week group with signs of congestion. In the 8-weeks group, the sizes of blood vessels were larger than in the 3-weeks and 4-weeks groups with no signs of congestion. In conclusion, angiogenesis is a critical aspect of dental pulp regeneration and homeostasis and can be observed histologically in the first week following orthodontic loading. In the 8-weeks group, the number of blood vessels was similar to that of the control group. However, dilatation and flaccid blood vessels with a thick layer of endothelial cells can be seen. Moreover, no congested blood vessel was seen.

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