This study assessed the repairability among four CAD-CAM blocks repaired with different universal adhesives after aging. The CAD-CAM blocks evaluated were Polymer infiltrated ceramic network (Vita Enamic ^®, VE), Zirconium-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (Vita Suprinity^®, VS), Feldspathic ceramic (Vitablocs ^® Mark II, VM), and Lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max^® CAD, IE). Each original block was prepared into 5x5x5 mm dimensions to create 120 specimens. After being subjected to 10,000 cycles of thermocycling to simulate the oral environment conditions equivalent to one year of service, surface pretreatment was carried out by grinding and etching with a 9% hydrofluoric acid (Ultradent Porcelain Etch^®). Subsequently, specimens were divided into three groups based on adhesive applied: Clearfil™ Tri-s bond Universal (CUB), Scotchbond Universal Plus^® (SUP), and Monobond N^® (MN, control group). Resin composite (Filtek™ Z350 XT, shade A3.5; 3M ESPE, USA) was then applied in a 2 mm thick-increment. All samples underwent another round of 10,000 cycles of thermocycling. A shear bond strength test (SBS) was performed, and the resulting data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Games-Howell or Least Significance Difference (LSD) post-hoc analysis (P < 0.05).  Additionally, failure modes were examined under a stereomicroscope. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant impacts of both types of CAD-CAM blocks (P < 0.001), and universal adhesives (P < 0.001) on SBS values. Post-hoc analysis indicated that the SUP group exhibited improved repair SBS values compared with control and CUB groups (P < 0.05). VE + SUP group demonstrated the highest bond strength. The highest SBS was observed in the VE + CUB group (P < 0.05). Additionally, CAD-CAM material bonded with CUB showed significantly lower SBS compared with control groups in IE + CUB (P < 0.05). The lowest SBS was found in VM + MN (P < 0.05). In conclusion, universal adhesive containing 3-MPTES/APTES revealed superior repair bond strength across four CAD-CAM blocks. Particularly, hybrid ceramic and feldspathic ceramic exhibited favorable characteristics for repair with resin composite materials.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the push out bond strength of self-etch resin cement bonded fiber posts after use of two bioceramic sealers in obturation. Forty maxillary incisors were decoronated to the root length of 13 mm and prepared with K3 rotary files up to size 40/.06. All of them were filled with the assigned sealers: control (no sealer, AH Plus^TM, iRoot SP^®, and Nishika Canal Sealer BG^®). After seven days, post spaces were prepared and then applied the mixture of primer A and B. The prefabricated fiber posts (FibreKleer^® no.2) were cemented with Multilink^® N in the prepared root canal. Two cross sections of specimens were performed in 2 mm thick slices, representing two different regions, coronal and middle thirds. Universal Testing Machine was loaded with plunger vertically until specimen failure. Maximum force was recorded as push out bond strength. Failure patterns were observed under a stereomicroscope at 50x magnification. The results showed that, in both root regions, the highest bond strength was found in the control group. Roots filled with AH Plus ^TM exhibited statistically more bond strength than roots filled with iRoot SP^® and Nishika Canal Sealer BG^® (p<0.05). Failure at the resin cement-dentin interface was prominent in all sealer groups. In conclusion, iRoot SP^® and Nishika canal sealer BG^® negatively impacted the push out bond strength compared to AH Plus^TM

The aims of this study were to evaluate the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and mandibular morphology in skeletal Class III patients, compare the dimensions between symmetric and asymmetric patients, and find the correlation of the dimensions. Eighty Cone Beam Computed Tomography images of adult Thai skeletal Class III patients (20 adult males, 20 adult females, aged 20-42 years, mean age 25.45 ± 6.05 years) were divided into eight groups. The TMJ and mandible dimensions and angulations were measured using multiplanar reconstruction images. The differences in the dimensions between groups were analyzed using ANOVA and the Kruskal Wallis H test. The correlations of the dimensions were analyzed by the Pearson correlation and the Spearman correlation. The ICC was good-excellent for the intra-examiner (0.843–0.993) and inter-examiner reliability (0.833–0.980). The TMJ and mandibular measurements were significantly different between groups in the mediolateral condylar width, anteroposterior condylar width, coronal condylar angle, ramus width, ramus height, and mandibular height. However, there were no significant differences between groups for the condylar axis, sagittal condylar angle, superior joint space, anterior joint space, posterior joint space, condylar height, glenoid fossa depth, coronoid height, coronoid width, anterior fossa inclination, posterior fossa inclination, lingula, and gonial angle. The correlation between the lingula position and ramus height (r = 0.743), the ramus width and mandibular height (ρ = 0.798), and the mandibular height and the ramus height (ρ = 0.740) were good. In conclusion, comparing the TMJ and mandible revealed that the male non-deviated side exhibited the greatest mediolateral and anteroposterior condylar width, ramus height, and mandibular height. Skeletal Class III symmetry patients demonstrated a significant correlation between the ligula position and ramus height, the mandibular height and ramus height, and between the mandibular height and ramus width.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo accuracy of a newly developed 3D-printed intraoral surveyor, initially proposed by Doungtraiphop et al. The surveyor had been modified to enhance its functionality. For each of the three subjects, a set of upper and lower study models was created. A prosthodontist was asked to use a Ney surveyor to draw survey lines (Sr) on designated teeth in each model at a predetermined path. All models were digitally scanned to serve as reference files. Three prosthodontic graduate students then used the intraoral surveyor to draw survey lines (Si) on the assigned tooth surfaces along the same path for each subject. Both arches were scanned with an intraoral scanner immediately after each student’s surveying procedure, and the teeth were cleaned with pumice before another operator conducted the next surveying procedure. Each digitally scanned file was superimposed onto its corresponding reference file in the same position. Images of the studied surfaces were captured to evaluate the agreement between Si and Sr lines on each assigned tooth surface. The study found that ill-defined Si lines appeared on 3.01 percent of the studied tooth surfaces, while complete overlapping of Si and Sr lines was observed on 80.56 percent of the surfaces. The agreement between Si and Sr lines was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.949. Within the study's limitations, it was concluded that the newly developed intraoral surveyor was highly accurate in creating survey lines intra-orally, providing similar results to those of a conventional surveyor.

To investigate the prevalence of dental caries (dmft), growth, and development of children aged 0-5 years, oral health promotion services, and the associations of dental caries status, growth and development, using data retrieved from the Health Data Center (HDC) of The Ministry of Public Health in Samut Prakan Province. Data of Thai children aged 0–5 years who received oral health promotion services and dental examinations, as well as growth and development assessments in Well Child Clinics from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2020 were retrieved. These children were registered in 54 health-promoting sub-district hospitals across six districts in Samut Prakan province.  The variables included dental examinations, tooth brushing instructions, need of fluoride, fluoride vanish applications, weight, height and developmental assessments, which were retrieved from 4 folders that is 1.PERSON 2.DENTAL 3.OPD_PROCEDURE and 4. NUTRITION. These data were linked by personal identification number (PID). The correctness and completeness of the data were checked. Dental caries status (mean dmft), the receipt of oral health promotion services, growth (proportionality), and developmental assessments were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The relationship between oral health promotion and mean dmft was tested using the Independent Sample t-test. ANOVA was used to compare the number of decayed teeth (d) among children with normal development, suspected delayed development, and delayed development. The relationship between growth, as well as the receipt of oral health promotion, and dental caries in caries-free children (dmft=0) and those with caries (dmft≥1) was analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify caries risk factors. All test were set at a significance level of α<0.05. 34,678 children were enrolled, 31% of whom had caries, with an average dmft=1.89±3.8. Normal weight for age, normal height for age, normal weight for height and normal development accounted for 65.8%, 60.2%, 62.2%, and 98.8%, respectively. Most parents of children between the ages of birth and 2 years received tooth brushing instruction, and children received fluoride varnish application between 1-2 years old. Children who received oral health promotion had significantly lower dental caries (both lower mean dmft and higher percentage of caries-free children, p<0.01). It was found that taller children had a lower proportion of dental caries. Furthermore, Children with normal weight for age and normal weight for height (proportionality body shape) had less dental caries than those who were underweight, overweight, thin or obese body shape (p<0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis gave a consistent result with bivariate analysis: gender, receiving tooth brushing instruction, fluoride varnish application, age, and the child’s body shape, all of which were found to be associated with the dental caries status. Lower dmft children were found associated with oral health promotion services, including fluoride varnish application and tooth brushing instruction to their parent, as well as normal growth. Therefore, oral health promotion, development, along with nutrition promotion, should be integrated and continued.